The Weekly Watch

Here Comes the Sun
or
Come on Baby Light My Fire

The wheel of the year turns to spring this week. There will be more sunlight...longer days... here in the Northern hemisphere. Light is the key to fixing carbon...through photosynthesis. Plants taking CO2 and building it into sugars and other compounds. When we eat plants we burn them back into CO2 and H2O. This balance of photosynthesis and respiration maintains the carbon cycle. For most of human history we have burnt wood as our primary fuel. Trees will regrow and recapture atmospheric carbon. However over the last century we converted to fossil fuels over plant based renewable energy sources. That (and population growth) is what put us on the path of rapid climate collapse.

carbon_cycle.jpg

This diagram of the fast carbon cycle shows the movement of carbon between land, atmosphere, and oceans. Yellow numbers are natural fluxes, and red are human contributions in gigatons of carbon per year. White numbers indicate stored carbon.
https://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/CarbonCycle

The link above is a thorough discussion of long and short term carbon cycling. Many are unaware that the limestone which makes up much of earth's crust represent the sequestration of our ancient CO2 based atmosphere. http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/carbon.htm

We can help sequester carbon by gardening and locking up carbon in our soils and plants.
The most recent issue of Yes! magazine featured Soil which they called Dirt.

As we have discussed the last couple of weeks the process is pretty simple...

copy_of_DIYsoil_sidebar.jpg

One article describes the discovery and journey of a Seattle couple...

Changing our soil changed our world. Adding organic matter stashed tons of carbon belowground. In our case, we started with about 1 percent carbon and increased it to almost 10 percent in little more than a decade. This may not sound like a big difference, but even really fertile native soils rarely contain 10 percent carbon. The additional carbon improved the fertility of our soil—and the quality of our kale.

Today our roughly 2,500-square-foot garden hosts beds for almost 30 trees, dozens of shrubs and flowering perennials, and vegetables. Come fall, the garden is a spectrum of color, from golden yellows to deep oranges, reds, and burgundy. In the summertime, we kick back on the patio enveloped by the garden. And, of course, we have a work area for storing and mixing organic matter into mulches.

Regenerating soil to change the piece of the planet where you live is possible at multiple scales. It might be a city yard like ours, rooftop garden, community garden, or working farm. Add up these efforts, and we can restore fertility to degraded soils, end hunger, and pull some carbon from the sky. Farmers can wean themselves off of agrochemicals and slash one of their biggest expenses. And we can all enjoy more life in yards, city parks, and farm fields. Cultivating living soil is something anyone can do to change the world—from the ground up.

There's a social/political aspect to changing our agriculture. Consider the sanctions we placed on Cuba...strangling them much as we are doing today to Venezuela. We inadvertently forced them into sustainable agriculture... (7 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZ0tovrhf5Y

In our own nation's rotten urban core there is also a resurgence of community based agriculture. Consider Detroit...(24 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFJsXev3eU0

We can be gardening revolutionaries. Join the struggle...grow...produce...feel the power of the sun....

The dangle of the angle of our planet on its trip around the sun creates the seasons and changing daylight. This week on the vernal equinox, the sun will shine directly at the equator and so begins spring (or fall in Janis case)

seasons.jpg

We live on a star ship...dependent on the sun....for warmth, light, food, even rain.

The Magic of Photosynthesis
photosynthesis.jpg

Photosynthesis is somewhat varied among plants. Tropical plants have a more efficient process. Desert plants are able to store CO2 as an acid to minimize water loss.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/phoc.html
However, the outcomes are largely the same. CO2 and water are converted to sugars which are the building block of plant material. Atmospheric carbon becomes plant based. Ironically most photosynthesis occurs in water based systems by phytoplankton. The Amazon rainforests create around 20 percent of the world's oxygen.
https://sciencing.com/types-organisms-can-use-photosynthesis-7439559.html

Microscopic and water-based creatures, cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae) are among the oldest existing species on Earth, dating back more than 3.5 million years. Some scientists believe that the chloroplast in plant cells evolved through endosymbiosis, a process that saw cyanobacteria start to live within plant cells. This partnership formed at some point in either the Proterozoic or Cambrian period. The bacteria cells use the plant cells as a home and, in turn, they produce food for their host. While they are small, cyanobacteria form colonies large enough for the eye to see.

For photosynthesis, plants use approximately 0.023 percent of sunlight energy. This is a very small percentage that plants need to make food when compared to the water cycle’s use of solar energy, which is 23 percent.

https://www.reference.com/science/percent-sun-s-energy-plants-use-6a9055...

In a balanced system as much energy leaves Earth's system as enters it.

energy budget.png

The Sun's shortwave energy enters Earth's system. Once it is absorbed it becomes long wave heat (infrared) energy which must re-radiate out to space to maintain the energy balance...

...but we're losing our balance. Gaining more heat than is lost.

We know that atmospheric CO2 has ranged between 172 and 300 part per million (ppm) for the past 1 million years. The earth cycled through cold glacial and warm inter-glacial periods without atmospheric CO2 exceeding 300 ppm. The first time in human history that atmospheric CO2 exceeded 300 ppm was about the time the Titanic sank in the North Atlantic Ocean. Now, the crossover to concentrations that stay above 400 ppm CO2 is complete.

https://www.co2.earth/co2-past-present-future-article

24_co2-graph-021116-768px.jpg

https://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/24/graphic-the-relentless-ris...

Methane is another powerful carbon based greenhouse gas...

Twenty years ago the level of methane in the atmosphere stopped increasing, giving humanity a bit of a break when it came to slowing climate change. But the concentration started rising again in 2007 — and it’s been picking up the pace over the last four years, according to new research. (Now when did fracking become wide spread?)
....“It clearly seems as if the warming is feeding the warming,” he said. “It’s almost as if the planet changed gears.”

https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-methane-atmosphere-...
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/19022019/arctic-bogs-permafrost-thaw-...

So we have many feedback loops accelerating the warming. But there is a movement to address these issues. One of Extinction Rebellion's co-founders was on Chris Hedges show the last two weeks. Both run about 28 min each
part 1 featured last week https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=220tv9Jktmg
this week's continuation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfXqq888HPY

So XR is having a training festival this weekend in Bristol to prepare for a massive strike on April 15 https://www.bristol247.com/news-and-features/news/spring-uprising-announ...

The British-based group Extinction Rebellion has called for nonviolent acts of civil disobedience on April 15 in capitals around the world to reverse our “one-way track to extinction.” I do not know if this effort will succeed. But I do know it is the only mechanism left to force action by the ruling elites, who, although global warming has been well documented for at least three decades, have refused to carry out the measures needed to protect the planet and the human race. These elites, for this reason alone, are illegitimate. They must be replaced.
...“We’re going to start on that Monday [April 15],” he said. “We’re going to block several major roundabouts in central London. We’re going to spread across the city—swarming. When the riot police or the police come, we’re going get up and go somewhere else. This is a tactic we innovated in November. We’ll give the authorities a fundamental dilemma: ‘Do we allow these people to continue blocking the center of a global city, or do we arrest thousands of people?’

https://occupysf.net/index.php/2019/03/09/extinction-rebellion-3/

Don't give up...follow the children -

https://therealnews.com/stories/youth-climate-strike-brings-thousands-to...

This clip is encouraging too...(7 min)

...and these young people give me hope. As spring evolves I hope you sense growth around you and the power of nature unfolding. Tap into that rebirth as trees bloom, seeds germinate, and perennials leaf and flower.

There's been a good bit of discussion this week on c99 about the dire situation in which we find ourselves. Nature will help absorb the stress and anxiety of our times. Follow the nature of spring and feel the revitalization of the season. Wishing you the best of unfolding blooms of your season. Find joy and solace in the beauty of the spring (or fall)!

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Thanks for the encouraging essay!

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Lookout's picture

@QMS

...brought peace and indeed let the sunshine in...I felt the promise of the time. Perhaps the time is now?

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06X5HYynP5E]

Thanks for the tune...we play it for dances as "The Queen's Polka"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jo0myfxoMY

Glad you came by!

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

@Lookout
and the positive energy at the time.
Yes, now is a good time.
Let's proceed!

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Anja Geitz's picture

@Lookout

My Sister, my friend Kimberly McDuffie, and I used to perform this for our cocktail sloshed parents at their parties. Amazing how emotive 7 and 8 year olds can be with the right music. Hahaha!

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There is always Music amongst the trees in the Garden, but our hearts must be very quiet to hear it. ~ Minnie Aumonier

Lookout's picture

@Anja Geitz

It is interesting to me how the music of my youth comes back to me after decades of playing old time and folk music. Years ago at a festival they asked a friend what is the difference between old time music and rock and roll? Her answer was, there is no difference - this is rock and roll.

Have a good one!

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

Anja Geitz's picture

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There is always Music amongst the trees in the Garden, but our hearts must be very quiet to hear it. ~ Minnie Aumonier

Wally's picture

@Lookout [video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_inXx-J3nU]

I also recall Kurt Cobain and Nirvana mocking it.

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Lookout's picture

@Wally

...but I sure remember it. Nice sentiment. Thanks.

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

@QMS
Weigh, please, as in "anchor". And properly "heigh", which until the Disney dwarfs came along was understood to be pronounced "hey", as in the Led Zeppelin song What is and What Should Never Be, when Plant says "heigh ho!".

Most folks would be okay with "Weigh, hey", though.

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The earth is a multibillion-year-old sphere.
The Nazis killed millions of Jews.
On 9/11/01 a Boeing 757 (AA77) flew into the Pentagon.
AGCC is happening.
If you cannot accept these facts, I cannot fake an interest in any of your opinions.

@UntimelyRippd
oye!, eh?

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Anja Geitz's picture

@QMS

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There is always Music amongst the trees in the Garden, but our hearts must be very quiet to hear it. ~ Minnie Aumonier

Lookout's picture

@UntimelyRippd

I mean way high...no weigh high...grams or ounces?

Sailing on out here....

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

Anja Geitz's picture

@QMS

Should I even ask where you found it? Hahahaha!!

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There is always Music amongst the trees in the Garden, but our hearts must be very quiet to hear it. ~ Minnie Aumonier

dance you monster's picture

@Anja Geitz

. . . it's an old whaling shanty. I learned it as a six-year-old on the coast of Maine (and didn't understand all of the lyrics yet, which got me into some trouble when I sang it in elementary school back in Bible-Belt Tennessee). The Irish Rovers version is short. There's much more. Seamen would add any verse that fit, just to fill the time as they performed a task.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drunken_Sailor

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@dance you monster
help coordinate effort. thus, you might expect everybody to haul on the line on the emphasized syllables.

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The earth is a multibillion-year-old sphere.
The Nazis killed millions of Jews.
On 9/11/01 a Boeing 757 (AA77) flew into the Pentagon.
AGCC is happening.
If you cannot accept these facts, I cannot fake an interest in any of your opinions.

Anja Geitz's picture

@dance you monster

I can only imagine how thrilled the adults in earshot were about that! Smile

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There is always Music amongst the trees in the Garden, but our hearts must be very quiet to hear it. ~ Minnie Aumonier

TheOtherMaven's picture

@Anja Geitz

By the way, every fandom that exists has some variation on the "drunken (whatever)" theme. Smile It's just that adaptable. Smile

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There is no justice. There can be no peace.

mimi's picture

a great documentary film about the Namib Desert Horses and the Namibian desert they are surviving in with great difficulties near the Garub Plains, in the area of Aus, Namibia. According to Wikipedia, that was also the location of a man-made water source. These horses were first ignored, they say, but in 1986 their traditional grazing land was incorporated into the Mamib-Naukluft National Park I saw very intense images. Probably Divine Order knew this area in an out. But for me it was new with regards to those horses and landscapes and how they adapted being originally European horses to the African climate and landscape.

The desert horses of Namibia

Wed 13.03.19 22:00 | 43:16 min | UT
3 MORE DAYS

The Namib Desert is home to a species that originated in Europe and has only been exposed to the conditions of the desert for 100 years: horses. They are relics of the diamond boom of the German colonial era - as well as the ghost towns of the mines, which were recaptured from the sand. 200 animals live here: Descendants of the former stock of German and English military horses.

I was bewildered by the desert's lack of water and plant, watching the fate of those horses.
And I asked myself if there wouldn't be some kind of technique to draw in some humidity from the air into thr desert soil and incite some plant growth. The desert there heats up to 50 degree celsius during the day and falls sometimes to 0 degree celsius. How is it not possible to do something in those deserts to make them grow some plants? I understand there is almost no humidity in the air either and all the groundwater wells digged are dry.

Unfortunately there is no video available to watch it. And sadly imo these horses increased the horse safari business and it's not something wild, wild anymore.

I just wanted to know if there is anything one can do to change the desert's air-soil water and humidity balance.

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Bisbonian's picture

@mimi

“Planting trees cannot reverse desertification in most places because the desertifying land generally has too low a rainfall for full soil cover from tree leaf fall litter,” Savory says, “and exposed soil leads to less effective rainfall.” His solution relies not on trees, but on animals. Savory developed a land management process,holistic management, that challenged the conventional belief that grazing can only harm land. The key, said Savory, was to manage livestock to mimic the behavior of wild herds, intensively grazing (and defecating on and trampling upon the ground) and then moving on (as if driven by predators) so that no plants are overgrazed. This rejuvenates the soil so that retains water and supports a diversity of plant species.

http://www.moroccotomorrow.org/desertification-just-planting-trees-won%C...

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"I’m a human being, first and foremost, and as such I’m for whoever and whatever benefits humanity as a whole.” —Malcolm X

mimi's picture

@Bisbonian
the animal or the trees. Chicken egg szenario?
Well, if I believe in something, then it's that there will always be animals to survive anything. They are near the craters and the hot lava in vulanos. That convinced me.

So, ok, there is hope! You made my day, Bisbonian. Smile

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Azazello's picture

@Bisbonian
This morning's Star has this: Hudbay VP: Rosemont is a win, but not just for Hudbay, but mine opponents, too
And this: Steller column: Government underreach endangers flowing S. Ariz. waters
Hwy. 83 south from I-10 is designated by the state as a "scenic road". (ADOT map)
Depressing.

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We wanted decent healthcare, a living wage and free college.
The Democrats gave us Biden and war instead.

Lookout's picture

@mimi

...to harvest water from dry air. Some using metal and carbon based molecules
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/harvesting-clean-water-from-air/

Beyond their versatility, MOFs’ great promise lies with their phenomenally large pores: the surface area inside is almost 10 times that of porous zeolites. For context, one gram of an MOF crystal the size of a sugar cube has an internal surface area approximately equal to the area of a football field.

Some devices are solar or wind powered
https://ecofriend.com/10-interesting-ways-to-harvest-water-from-air.html

..and one more
The new system, by contrast, is “completely passive — all you need is sunlight,” with no need for an outside energy supply and no moving parts.
https://news.mit.edu/2017/MOF-device-harvests-fresh-water-from-air-0414

There are answers, but focusing on profit has distracted us from doing what needs to be done.

Thanks for the info on horses. There was a nature series in the states a few years back with a woman who tracked and filmed a family of wild horses out west...horse nature is interesting. I found the trailer ...https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtfEwgFljFo

Have a good one!

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

mimi's picture

@Lookout
in the past about it a bit but forgot all about. Your links are highle appreciated.
Bookmarked. Further study ahead.

Ahh, this place is just awesome. Too many knowledgable smart people here to learn from.
I hope I will find all those comments and links in the future. I want to slip them into the conscience of my son. ...
Now I go to sleep with a smile. Smile

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magiamma's picture

And all

Four good vids by Beckwith on abrupt climate change. worth watching all. ~15 min each.

At paulbeckwith.net

All four are at the top of his blog. He reads from a paper he wrote. So all you need to do is to listen.

I am typing on phone and running late so it is difficult to add links. Will edit to add later.

Thanks for more focus in our mother Earth.

Have a good one lo and all...

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Stop Climate Change Silence - Start the Conversation

Hot Air Website, Twitter, Facebook

Lookout's picture

@magiamma

the four in order...about 15 min each
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmT2-VnK0Yo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JL5OYkBiyg4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHC8vk57Uy0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6_3W4tHbFg

also available at his site https://paulbeckwith.net/

Thanks for the heads up. Have a good outing!

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Lookout's picture

@magiamma

Hope they speak to you too!
(11 min)
[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqHKYwxEIRA]
Ten years after climate movie The Age of Stupid had its green-carpet, solar-powered premiere, we follow its director as she revisits people and places from the film and asks: are we still heading for the catastrophic future it depicted?

and a quick 2 min drive by...
[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0j_kmPn41r8]
Nine-year old Zayne Cowie turns the table on grown-ups, reading a children’s book written especially for them: “Goodbye, Earth!” This book calls out the adults who’ve failed at addressing climate change, leaving the consequences to be dealt with by younger generations.

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mhagle's picture

I read all of the weekly watches and view at least some of the videos eventually . . .I greatly appreciate them all!!

Been very busy with gardening. Still experimenting based on recent results. Deep adaptation drives everything.

Premise: Gardening methods need to be cheap and easy so everyone can grow lots of food. Easy not in terms of physical labor (still not too grueling), but in knowledge. You shouldn't have to be a master gardener or soil scientist to grow food. Nor should you have to be rich to grow food.

Special considerations: We have poor soil here, but you can build soil so that is not the biggest problem. Our very short growing seasons are the greatest challenge. It is cold too late in the spring and hot too early in the spring. It is hot too late in the fall and cold too early in the fall. We had several days in the low 20s just a week ago. And still down to the mid 30s this week.

I planted out most of my tomatoes last weekend. They are all early and somewhat cold (not frost) hardy varieties. Onions and potatoes have been in at least a month. Covered onions with hay so they are OK. Potatoes have not come up so are fine as well. Last year I planted 6 little tubers of Jerusalem artichokes/sunchokes. OMG - dug up about 30 pounds! My favorite use is to grind them up and put them in stew. Most of these I planted in various places around the property where they can just take over.

The past few years I seem to have the best luck with sprouting seeds before I plant them out. Spring garden needs to be planted while it is still too cool for spouting and Fall garden needs to be planted while it is still too hot for sprouting. Another twist to spouting is that I space the seeds out between wet cheap paper towels, sprout them in a zip-lock bag and then I just lay out the sprouted paper towel on the soil or bale, and lightly cover with my soil/compost mixture. Kind of square foot gardening deal. Re-using the zip-lock bags. Mostly cold weather crops out there so far, but sprouting some melons, eggplant, long beans, and okra as well for a test.

I was able to start my tomatoes in my greenhouse ok, but it quickly gets too hot in there to do much else. Trying to start peppers in the greenhouse, but something ate them all down. Darn it!

So in June I plan to sprout and plant a bunch of stuff for the fall garden, hoping to harvest in September and October.

Gotta go for now and fold clothes. Smile

Will check back later to watch videos and enjoy the comments.

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Marilyn

"Make dirt, not war." eyo

Lookout's picture

@mhagle

I like seeding directly in the garden bed. I have the luxury of water so that makes it easier. Know what you mean about cool and hot...row covers on, row covers off. It is the nature of gardening this time of year for us too. We use shade cloth in summer too.

We're still a month or so away from tomatoes. We've rushed them in the past and gotten early tomatoes, but peak flavor and yield here isn't till July no matter when they are planted. These days we freeze more than we can.

well all the best. Happy gardening!

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

mhagle's picture

@Lookout

Or even in June. Last year it was 100 degrees already mid-May and April was cold. Sigh.

These are not the tasty variety tomatoes like Brandywine. They are 50 - 60 day varieties that are supposed to set fruit in colder weather. One is called "Siberian Tomato!" The goal is to hopefully maybe get something this time of year. My hope for delicious tomatoes is to start them in June for a fall crop. Last year I did a test, but I did not plant until August. The plants were beautiful and loaded with tomatoes but it froze mid-November.

I admire your efforts to use row covers. Very cool! However, the ordinary person would never go to that much work. And we need ordinary people to grow food.

Cool that you are direct seeding. To grow food inexpensively, direct seeding is imperative.

And thank you thank you for your weekly watches!

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Marilyn

"Make dirt, not war." eyo

Lookout's picture

@mhagle

We are in a SE facing bowl with a ridge on our NW where our severe weather comes from.

https://permaculturenews.org/2017/08/09/importance-microclimates-landsca...

We also have evergreens (pines) on our northern side.

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Azazello's picture

but still worth a watch.
[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VOUuylYHIc width:500 height:300]

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We wanted decent healthcare, a living wage and free college.
The Democrats gave us Biden and war instead.

Lookout's picture

@Azazello

Like us all...she is mainly water and carbon.

So glad she had such a nice crowd. Thought I heard some c99ers were attending, but I'm unsure. Thanks for the clip and the Tulsi plug!

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

smiley7's picture

and enjoyable Watch; thank you.

The Solstice

They say the sun will come back
at midnight
after all
my one love

but we know how the minutes
fly out into
the dark trees
and vanish

like the great ‘ohias and the honey creepers
and we know how the weeks
walk into the
shadows at midday

at the thought of the months I reach for your hand
it is not something
one is supposed
to say

we watch the red birds in the morning
we hope for the quiet
daytime together
the year turns into air

but we are together in the whole night
with the sun still going away
and the year
coming back

~ W. S. Merwin

Have a great week.

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Lookout's picture

@smiley7

The sun comes up, the sun goes down, the planet goes round and round...

may as well enjoy the ride!

Thanks for visit!

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

mhagle's picture

@DonMidwest

It proves that much we need to do is really simple.

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Marilyn

"Make dirt, not war." eyo

Lookout's picture

@DonMidwest

Reminds me of the story of Jimmy Carter's solar hot water panels.

Brought back to life for decades on the roof of a college in Maine. They are now being dispersed to various museums...
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/carter-white-house-solar-pane...
https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2008/11/jimmy-carters-solar-panels/

The simple house box design is very similar to the house I designed and built here in NE Alabama some 30 years ago. It has radiant floor heat largely provided by solar hot water.

Thanks for the article. Good to see you around the site. Thanks for the visit!

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

It makes my mind race, but what I want to say is always elusive. On the tip of the tongue, but unable to form the idea. I guess part of it is, have we as humans ever been in balance with the world we live in? When, and how did we do it?

I was reading about our immune system https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/12/health/immune-system-allergies.html and how since the late 1800's the march from "clean" medicine to "clean" households to antibiotics to the whole idea of germ free living today left our immune systems with little to do, and allergies and some auto immune diseases ending up the result of our couch potato immune systems.

In a way our thinking is becoming junk food couch potato thinking, becoming less involved with the world we live in, but in hyperdrive over just existing. It's like our minds have lost their immune system. I keep going back to "Serra Pelada" the opening scenes of Powaqqatsi: Life in Transformation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5O6fQKWrUtE
of an open pit gold mine married with an exuberant score by Philip Glass.

There must have been a time both our immune systems, earth and human, were in balance. Was it the industrial revolution, Imperial capitalism, The mega cities that altered it? The one thing that happened is individuals (except for the few) were dropped from whatever equation we live by now.

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Lookout's picture

@Snode

...as a society it is entirely another. Perhaps first nations people found the balance between nature and society?

I consider certain individuals to have found a balance...Masanobu Fukuoka for example.

Perhaps Thoreau, Aldo Leopold, Muir, and other naturalists found balance, or at least solace, in nature.

Balance is a tricky skill...
Needs vs. wants
giving vs using
nutrition vs hunger
health vs illness

and on and on.

I try to emphasize through this weekly series that there is no one path...no one recipe...no silver bullet...but a myriad of paths, and delicious nutritious recipes.

gdlksign_0.jpg

Many people have difficulty with this multiple path hypothesis, but I think it is undeniable that it must be individual...even within (perhaps especially in) an enlightened society.

Thanks for the visit and thoughtful comment!

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”