Before we take a look at 16, please note that being here on a Monday the 16th always means you just survived a Friday the 13th, so major congrats on that.

OK
16 is 4 squared and 2 to the fourth or 4**2 and 2**4. Coincidence? I don't think so.
16 is the only number that equals both a**b and b**a for some unequal integers a & b.
16 is the base for the Hexadecimal numeral system, aka Hex
Counting in Hex runs from 0 to 9 then A,B,C,D,E, and F for 10 through 15
Hex is used a ton in computer science, computers and computing
16 is sulfur
There are 16 ounces in a pound
16 is the minimum age for doing assorted things in various nations and states.

Title 16 of the US Code is Conservation

The 16th Amendment states that

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

This does not mean what it says, ask any crank.

16 BCE was the Year of the Consulship of Ahenobarbus and Scipio (Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus and Publius Cornelius Scipio)
Roman legate Marcus Lollius was defeated by a Germanic horde. This was/is called "The Lollian Disaster" because the German raiders bagged the legionary standard (the Eagle).
Nonetheless, Caesar Augustus reorganized the German provinces and made Trier their capital. Trier is way cool. It has a ton of Roman ruins and Marx spent a chunk of his childhood there, in the Salmonish second story dwelling in the center of this picture:

Naturally, capitalists have to exploit this connection, such as by selling whatever type of couture Modehaus Marx sells

It has been said that one is either on the bus or off of the bus and Marx, well ...

16 CE was the Year of the Consulship of Taurus and Libo (sounds like bull to me)
A Roman army of 50,000 men commanded by Germanicus won a victory at Idistaviso, defeating the German war chief Arminius and recovering the lost eagles of Varus' legions. (Those were the 3 eagles Varus lost in 9 BCE, not the paltry lone eagle Lollius lost in 16 BCE.)

The Noricans joined with the Pannonians in invading Histria, and were defeated by Publius Silius, proconsul of Illyricum.

On this day in:
1204 -- Crusader Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders, was crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire created by the Holy 4th Crusade's Holy conquest of Constantinople.

1527 -- The Florentines expelled the Medici again and Florence again re-established itself as a republic.

1770 -- 14-year-old Marie Antoinette married 15-year-old Louis-Auguste who later became king of France. Like many child marriages, it ended poorly.

1843 -- The first major wagon train heading for the Pacific Northwest set out on the Oregon Trail.

1888 -- Nikola Tesla delivered a lecture on efficient generation and use of alternating currents to transmit electric power over long distances.

1916 -- The United Kingdom and the French Third Republic signed the Sykes-Picot Agreement partitioning former Ottoman territories such as Iraq and Syria, totally fucking up the middle east from 1918 onward.

1920 -- Pope Benedict XV canonized Joan of Arc, a heretic previously burnt at the stake for her heresies.

1943 -- The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ended.

1960 -- Theodore Maiman operated the first laser in Malibu, California.

1966 -- The Communist Party of China issued the "May 16 Notice", marking the beginning of the Cultural Revolution.

1975 -- Junko Tabei became the first woman to summit Mount Everest.

1988 -- A report by Surgeon General C. Everett Koop stated that nicotine's addictive properties were similar to those of heroin and cocaine.

Born this day in:
1831 -- David Edward Hughes, a physicist who co-invented the microphone.
1898 -- Kenji Mizoguchi, a director and screenwriter
1913 -- Woody Herman, a singer, saxophonist, and clarinet player
1919 -- Liberace, a pianist, entertainer, and clothes horse
1922 -- Eddie Bert, a trombonist
1923 -- Victoria Fromkin, a linguist and academic
1929 -- Betty Carter, a singer & songwriter
1944 -- Billy Cobham, a drummer, composer, and bandleader (Mahavishnu Orchestra, Jazz Is Dead, and Bobby and the Midnites)
1946 -- Roger Earl, a drummer & songwriter (Savoy Brown and Foghat)
1946 -- Robert Fripp, a guitarist, songwriter, and producer (King Crimson, The League of Gentlemen, Giles, Giles and Fripp, and Fripp & Eno)
1947 -- Barbara Lee, a singer (The Chiffons)
1964 -- Boyd Tinsley, a singer, songwriter, and violinist (Dave Matthews Band)
1965 -- Krist Novoselic, a bass player and songwriter (Nirvana, Flipper, Sweet 75, The No WTO Combo, and Eyes Adrift)
1966 -- Janet Jackson, a singer, songwriter, producer, dancer, and actress. Also wardrobe designer.

Died this day in:
1830 -- Joseph Fourier, a mathematician and physicist. Transformative
1979 -- A. Philip Randolph, a civil rights, union, & socialist leader and activist
1981 -- Ernie Freeman, a pianist, composer, and bandleader
1984 -- Andy Kaufman, an actor, comedian, and screenwriter
1990 -- Sammy Davis Jr., a singer, dancer, and actor
1990 -- Jim Henson, a muppeteer, director, producer, and screenwriter
1992 -- Chalino Sánchez, a singer & songwriter
1993 -- Marv Johnson, a singer, songwriter, and pianist
2010 -- Hank Jones, a pianist, composer, and bandleader
2012 -- Chuck Brown, a singer, songwriter, guitarist, and producer. Godfather of Go-Go.

Holidays, Holy Days, Festivals, Feast Days and such:
It is the feast of St. Brendan the Navigator

So, for music we gots --
Woody Herman
Liberace
Eddie Bert
Betty Carter
Billy Cobham
Roger Earl
Robert Fripp
Barbara Lee
Boyd Tinsley
Krist Novoselic
Janet Jackson
Ernie Freeman
Sammy Davis Jr.
Chalino Sánchez
Marv Johnson
Hank Jones
Chuck Brown

Woody Herman

Liberace

Eddie Bert

Betty Carter

Billy Cobham

Roger Earl

Robert Fripp

Chapman stick, no less

Barbara Lee

Boyd Tinsley

Krist Novoselic

Janet Jackson

Ernie Freeman

with Eddie Cochran

Sammy Davis Jr.

does impersonations too

Chalino Sánchez

Marv Johnson

some seminal Motown

Hank Jones

Chuck Brown

OK, it's open thread time, so go for it

Here's a link http://caucus99percent.com/content/monday-hex-open-thread to my 11/16/2015 open thread which has a lot of "16" songs like:

That open thread also gratuitously included this musical excellence by bassist Tal Wilkenfeld: