Open Thread 9-8-16: More Pre-History of Western Music

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First music, then politics.

As mentioned in last Thursday's Open Thread, the history of music began in 1956 with Little Richard, although perhaps earlier. Some think Benny Goodman, Louis Armstrong, Scott Joplin, Stephen Foster and some others are historical figures and we have reports that they all made music. Foster is an especially amusing figure since I believe he made a total of $41 in songwriting royalties, including $8 for Oh Susanna.

But I wanted to write about way, way before then, to a special class, the class of 1685. That year three of the best composers were born. Or maybe I should say the best music-writers because all music is, no matter how it's couched and expanded, is a bunch of notes. So these three guys did some great note-bunching.

First up, Johnny Bach, born March 31st. This "cat" (musician talk for hip fellow) liked his coffee and had lots of kids, going through two wives to get those twenty young'uns. Since it was the 18th century not all of those kids lived but still...that's a passel!

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He went from sponsor to sponsor, cranking out hits. In those days he was famous for his organ playing....hey! Seriously, he was considered a virtuoso on that instrument. "Yeah, he also wrote stuff" was what a lot of people thought. It wasn't until well after he was dead that everyone figured out that stuff was fantastic.

Here's one of my favorite pieces of his, the 3rd Brandenburg Concerto

The harpsichord bit in the middle is made up by the player. There was a rough outline where a musician could improvise a bit. Then it gets back to what Bach wrote.

This thing is pretty swinging. I love how it changes to the minor key at about 2 1/2 minutes. He was so clever! And he has so many moving parts that work. More than anyone, I think, he has the bass parts doing something interesting.

Now let's move to George Handel (March 5th!). He was also a German by birth, like Bach, but moved to England in his later 20s. He got rich, too, writing material for the royals, as well as anyone who'd pay. One thing I find entertaining is that he plagiarized like mad. If you know a lot of baroque music and listen to a lot of Handel you might think "hmm..isn't that Gasparini?" Still, people liked him and he wrote some terrific stuff of his own.

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He wrote this choral work that's so linked to him that it's now called "Handel's Messiah". He also wrote this ditty, "Water Music".

Handel was better regarded in his time than Bach was, at least as a composer. There's a story that Bach tried to meet Handel a couple of times but that never came off. The first time Handel had just left town (a likely story!) and the second that he couldn't be bothered to travel.

Ok, moving on now, Domenico Scarlatti (October 26th)! He's my fave. I know a little more about him than the others. He had a famous dad, Alessandro, who was a very well-known composer. Alessandro was one of those overbearing fathers who wanted his son to be a certain type of musician/composer. For the biggest part of his life Domenico wrote in a style that wasn't really what he wanted to do. Finally his dad died and, at the age of 53, Dom began writing his best material. By this time he'd left Italy and gone to work in Spain. You can tell by the tunes, he incorporated that Spanish guitar influence. As you can imagine, having been under his father's thumb for so long he was more of a "write in his room, play for the princess, go back to his room" kind of guy and not ostentatious. While he was in that particular court a famous castrato, Farinelli, showed up and became the favorite of the Infanta (that's what they call the princess there) and Scarlatti was more of a background character.

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He hardly published anything in his lifetime but he wrote a ton. Where Bach and Handel were top-flight organists, Scarlatti was the best at harpsichord. In fact he and Handel had a contest, declared a draw, each one "winning" at his specialty. That must have been weird.

This piece is my favorite of his, probably because Wendy Carlos did it so perfectly on that "Well-Tempered Synthesizer" LP. Too bad it's nowhere to be found on youtube!

That's three of the greats, all born in 1685. Interestingly (to me, anyway) two of them, Handel and Scarlatti, were alive when Mozart was born, 71 years later....which is another story.

Ok, politics time. I'm under the impression that some people here care about that con, that scam, that illusion. It seems that some want to believe so much that they make up crazy stories. Bernie cuts himself shaving and it's "Hillary's people beat him up!" Bernie campaigns for Hillary and it's "They threatened Jane!" Bernie completely $^%&s up "Our Revolution", declines to campaign for Canova and it's the Return of 11th Dimensional Chess.

Every one of us has an opinion of what's needed. Mine is this: There are three ways to achieve what we want. One is to buy off those in power. The second is to make it financially not worth the time of those in power (so they'll move on to something else). The third is to ...ahem...uh...use the French solution. I'll be right behind you!

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Raggedy Ann's picture

Beautiful music and rich history to start the day. Many thanks.

The election stuff, meh.

Pleasantry

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"The “jumpers” reminded us that one day we will all face only one choice and that is how we will die, not how we will live." Chris Hedges on 9/11

riverlover's picture

I wonder if 1685 was a good year for composers because the kingdoms of Europe were wealthy then and spent on arts. Were there one or more wars going on then? I have amnesia for history partly because my father was an historian and like father--so not like daughter. They groomed me for science and I was an obedient (minus several things) daughter.

I went to a private girls school for HS. We had art and music and dance/gym. The school had a music teacher (Mrs. Gilsdorf) and a pianist who accompanied us in madrigal and also was used in the dance facility. A school pianist! Think of that! It was a private school, however. How special I was.

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Hey! my dear friends or soon-to-be's, JtC could use the donations to keep this site functioning for those of us who can still see the life preserver or flotsam in the water.

mimi's picture

that an American, who is a contemporary musician, gets a kick out of these old guys. I recognized the pieces, but never could remember their names. Scarlatti I knew he existed, but rarely have heard anything from him. My piano teacher I had as a child did, but not me. Long, long time ago. All of it forgotten and never heard the music again after highschool (1866) I like the way you tell their personal life stories more than their music. Smile

Oh, and for poltics, Amy has two interviews today. One with a woman, who is one of the driving forces behind the up-standing American Indians against the DAPL with LaDonna Brave Bull (learned a lot through that) and one with Lori Wallach about the TTP being pushed through despite the opposition to the ISDS. Got my head shaking a lot about Obama. Wow. I wished I all could remember for a prolonged time period.

Have a good day, all.

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shaharazade's picture

and good songwriters know and love musical history including classical. The Issac Newton quote "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." comes to mind. In art school I was told it was good to study and learn from the old masters as you were building on what went before. It also enabled you to steal from the greats, obscurely. Lot's of rock music borrows heavily from the western classic's.

Here's a band that sure does

Even Chuck pays homage to Beethoven

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mimi's picture

is finding my hut, unpack my book boxes, hide in the bushes, get myself back all the music I had lost. I just didn't know how much I somehow got "damaged" over the years. But I won't allow it to get me down. I love this place because it reminds me of what I have not done in the last decades and realize now that I have missed it and missed out.

Well, I am going to my little neighborhood blues festival ... that's something. Smile
Thanks.

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skod's picture

I'm trying to find a reference for a wonderful baroque pipe organ built in Germany in the 1800s that was intended to solve the problem of temperaments coloring the various key signatures differently: the Enharmonic Organ. It had roughly 8 times the usual number of pipes and keys, with the keys laid out in an unusual diamond pattern, allowing the performer to always play every chord in exact perfect temperament (or whatever imperfect temperament their hearts desired). It is really interesting to hear Bach performed on such an instrument: the voicings are always perfect, a'la a capella barbershop vocal work, and the pieces sound _completely_ different without the expected rubs, beat tones, and wolf tones you get with any of the many fixed temperaments.

There's a more modern keyboard layout (the Janko') that simply addresses the ability to span larger intervals on a normal tuning, but doesn't address temperament. But you can get an idea of what it must have been like to play the beast. And you thought black keys were hard!

Have to find that reference. Haven't thought about it since I made a study of interesting and exotic instruments in college. I don't know if the instrument was bombed out of existence in WWII, but if it wasn't, I hope I can locate newer recordings of it being played than those I heard all those years ago (a dub of an Edison recording).

Ahhh! This is a picture of a more modern version of that keyboard layout: http://eufonia.de/images/Spezialtastatur.jpg . Truly the black-key nightmare...

Anyone else know of that instrument? You'd need to be a real keyboard nerd, I think.

On edit: the attached video is of a performance with a modern enharmonic pipe organ, accompanied by strings (and, inexplicably, tabla), illustrating what a composer can do with the ability to play everything in either perfect or violently *imperfect* temperament: and choosing the latter instead of the former. Talk about rubs! Trigger warning: do not watch this if perfect tuning is an obsession of yours. Just don't. The title tells you all you need to know. There's a reason that there's only one person in the audience (the composer). You have been warned....(;-)

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shaharazade's picture

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skod's picture

Let's hear it for microtonal music, right? Despite the determined overall dissonance of the piece, you can get a feel for how cool the thing _could_ sound by surgically listening to that bass line: perfect consonance, and not a beat or wolf tone to be found. The treble clef, on the other hand, pretty much defines Manfred Mann's "the calliope crashed to the ground"- jeez...

Now, there's some Western Art Music for ya: Philip Glass has got _nothing_ on that composer. Don't know how many times that piece has ever been played. Probably not a lot. There aren't many of those instruments just floating around out there to practice on!

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skod's picture

in this case. This piece sounds completely different than you might expect, as the performer adapts the voicing to the key signatures: the rubs you expect from harpsichord just aren't there, unless the performer specifically _wants_ them to be.

Much more listenable... And some more tabla, too. What *is* it about tabla that the microtonal folks like Stamm seem to love so much?

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Big Al's picture

in an interview.
That's hard to believe. Then you have Trump who really doesn't know what he's talking about. These are the people we're expected to choose from to be our President.

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Meteor Man's picture

Gary Johnson ain't as young as he used to be. That makes two of us who are a wee bit past our prime. There's nothing wrong with being an old fart or old biddy, we just need to keep in mind the old saying, "There's always someone younger, faster, stronger and smarter right behind you."

Just as true at 30 and 40 as it is for those of us in their sixties.

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"They'll say we're disturbing the peace, but there is no peace. What really bothers them is that we are disturbing the war." Howard Zinn

skod's picture

asked me by an old bandmate: "Is it better to be young and stupid and have no future, or old and stupid and have no past?"...

Jury's kinda still out on that one, innit? I know it is for me, anyway. (;-)

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Lookout's picture

had twenty something kids because his organ had no stops.

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Thanks Shah, I enjoyed the music (pre?) history. Creativity is always of interest - even when the 1% pay for it!

I love the art on old sheet music - here's a couple from across the pond.
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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

enhydra lutris's picture

the CAnadian Brass on tape in the truck. Whenever we were out camping and the camping was overly disturbed by obstreperous youths playing loud musik with a K late at night I would fire that up as loud as I could crank it. Usually resulted in a truce and quiet time at last.

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That, in its essence, is fascism--ownership of government by an individual, by a group, or by any other controlling private power. -- Franklin D. Roosevelt --

Shahryar's picture

but in order to understand more modern music (or art) it's good to know where it came from.

Info is sparse on people's music of the time. We have broadsides with lyrics and occasional melodies but (I may be wrong about this) I think we get a lot more starting in the mid 1800s. I mentioned Foster. While he was inventive I suspect he borrowed a lot of ideas from the Jubilee Singers and others. I'll get into that in the near future, as well as the reasons for the end of "classical music"'s importance.

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riverlover's picture

and spent many years living at friends' houses, like the one in Bardstown KY where he wrote My Ole Kentucky Home. And maybe I Dream of Jeannie which I suspect was one or more older songs, sampled.

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Hey! my dear friends or soon-to-be's, JtC could use the donations to keep this site functioning for those of us who can still see the life preserver or flotsam in the water.

hecate's picture

if you are going for the power, you have already lost:

Throughout history, one revolution after another—although usually producing a temporary relief, such as a sick man gets by turning over in bed—has simply led to a change of masters, because no serious effort has been made to eliminate the power instinct.

Power, it should be reserved for when, in the music, one goes electric.

That's why Scarlatti, his reputation, it went into eclipse. Because the purists of the day, they just couldn't bear it, when he went electric, there at Newport.

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Shahryar's picture

England messed it up by meddling, I know that, which led to Napoleon, the new "master".

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skod's picture

whatever you're having- that is downright _hilarious_!

And it wouldn't be complete without quoting John Morris from Woodstock: "To get back to the warning that I received. You may take it with however many grains of salt that you wish. That the brown acid that is circulating around us isn't too good. It is suggested that you stay away from that. Of course it's your own trip, so be my guest, but please be advised that there is a warning on that one, ok?"

Rats. This was intended to be a reply to Hecate's Scarlatti-at-Newport comment, in case they get separated in the thread...

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