What's the Message, Mr. Gardiner?

An open thread dedicated to discussing books, movies, and tv shows we love. And occasionally some politics.

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I thought I might spend the next few weeks doing something seasonal. I’ve been thinking a lot about It’s A Wonderful Life, lately.

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Capra’s Christmas classic is a little like Shakespeare: clichéd because it’s so good everybody knows it; hackneyed because everybody’s seen it so many times. And what with Zsu zsu’s petals and the Bells of St Mary’s playing in Bedford Falls, it’s also more than a bit saccharine and, well, overly virtuous. I hope there’s a blues bar somewhere in Bedford Falls, but somehow I doubt it. Further, it’s only touched on very lightly, but the little girl who flirts with George at the age of twelve

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grows up to be a more than flirtatious woman, and shows up later in the movie, red-eyed, borrowing money from George so she can get out of town—presumably to escape some scandal. Even though at the end she decides to stay, it’s clear that Bedford Falls is not a perfect place. It’s the kind of place that could be very cold if you were a woman who didn’t toe the sexual line. In a way, you can understand why George Bailey wants to leave.

That’s the funniest thing about the movie. George Bailey wants to leave from the first moment we meet him, and never stops wanting to leave till the very end. And we’re on George’s side from the moment he lifts that giant suitcase up and, well, kicks Dr. Seuss’ ass with his version of Oh The Places I’ll Go:

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqKAcoYQhuE]

Like the angel, Clarence, we like George Bailey. We want him to get what he wants—and yet somehow, despite the narrowness and provincialism and moralism of Bedford Falls, it becomes dear to us—long before George realizes just how dear it is to him. Most of the movie is a conflict between two impulses in George Bailey: his strong desire for individual success and exploration and the impulse to nurture and help his community. What’s crazy is that, in a Hollywood movie, the latter wins out.

This is a remarkable achievement on the part of Frank Capra; an achievement we’re so used to that we take it for granted. George Bailey is the traditional American hero, and it’s almost like the character knows it. He wants and expects to get the traditional American narrative of self-development: rising from a modest but comfortable background in a small town, the young man of vision and drive sallies forth into the world, sees everything, goes everywhere, and achieves great things, possibly gaining fame and fortune along the way.

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAERYfeiYBc]

The investment Americans have in that story of individual achievement is so great that Capra should not have been able to countermand it and keep his story a happy one, much less a popular one.

Yet he does.

How he does that is something I’m still struggling to understand. He relies partly on religion to get him there;

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79pIurpNARs]

Christianity is one of the few cultural forces in this society that can contend with the power of the narrative of individual self-development, and Capra makes all the use of it he can. He wraps his story in Christianity like I’d wrap beans in a burrito, and I’m not sure whether the story would hold together without it. Yet, despite everything, I can’t exactly say his use of religion is cheap, or trite. George Bailey is right when he says he’s not a praying man: his religion is service to his community, a service that the narrator later compares to the fight against fascism in Europe “Back home, George fought the battle of Bedford Falls.” The implication is that fascism already lurks at home, in the person of Mr. Potter, and it takes all George’s civic commitment, strength of character, and intelligence to hold the force Potter represents at bay. Fighting that fight is his religion.

No matter how many little kids lisp that an angel has gotten his wings (wowee, would you like some pancakes with that syrup, Mr. Capra?) it’s hard to be cynical about religion in a movie when the religion the movie’s talking about is serving one’s community so that it can stay alive, vibrant, and happy instead of becoming a horrific, impoverished wasteland riddled with despair and distrust. That’s the thing about Capra—you want to be cynical and snide about his moralism, but when it comes down to it, it’s damned hard to do.

The patriotic celebration of the military, and the victory of WW II, is a little easier to be cynical about, because it doesn’t fit very well into the story.

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Harry Bailey is the story’s pressure point. The truth is that Harry and George are in competition for limited resources, and Harry ends up getting all the best: a college education, a good job, marriage to the boss’ daughter, while George works his butt off back home trying to hold the town together. In a movie that’s fundamentally about sacrifice, Harry avoids making one. Capra, who I think didn’t want to get into what happens sometimes among the working class when there’s not enough to go around, has to make Harry a decorated war hero in order to smooth over the fact that he is not a particularly good guy, and Harry’s entrance at the end has always struck a slightly false note.

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Unlike everybody else, he hasn’t really been involved in the battle of Bedford Falls, and doesn’t really belong in the climax of the story.

But how does Capra manage to get us all on his side? Why doesn’t everybody say “What a horrible movie. That poor guy is just snowed under by the needs and demands of his family and friends, and all his potential is smothered. Think what he could have given the world if he could have just gotten out of that podunk town.” The plot, which consistently frustrates George's individual abilities and desires, is what makes me disbelieve Capra when he says the movie is "about the individual's belief in himself." But then, if my movie had been called Communist by the FBI, http://www.wisebread.com/fbi-considered-its-a-wonderful-life-communist-p..., maybe I'd try to frame its message as an individualist one too!

On May 26, 1947, the FBI issued a memo stating "With regard to the picture 'It's a Wonderful Life', [redacted] stated in substance that the film represented rather obvious attempts to discredit bankers by casting Lionel Barrymore as a 'scrooge-type' so that he would be the most hated man in the picture. This, according to these sources, is a common trick used by Communists. [In] addition, [redacted] stated that, in his opinion, this picture deliberately maligned the upper class, attempting to show the people who had money were mean and despicable characters."

I'd think that the reason It's a Wonderful Life manages to be popular while frustrating the narrative of individual progress is that it was pitched to the World War II generation, who had strong notions of duty. But in fact, the movie registered a loss at the box office in 1946. It didn't become a Christmas hit until the late 1970s!

The film's elevation to the status of a beloved classic came decades after its initial release, when it became a television staple during Christmas season in the late 1970s. This came as a welcome surprise to Frank Capra and others involved with its production. "It's the damnedest thing I've ever seen," Capra told The Wall Street Journal in 1984. "The film has a life of its own now, and I can look at it like I had nothing to do with it. I'm like a parent whose kid grows up to be president. I'm proud ... but it's the kid who did the work. I didn't even think of it as a Christmas story when I first ran across it. I just liked the idea."

So it's really my generation, and my parents' generation, that embraced It's a Wonderful Life, more than my grandparents, for whom it was made. So why does Capra's message work on us? I really don’t think it’s Clarence’s wings that get us there, nor the wings of Harry Bailey’s plane either. Those are just the wrappings Capra puts on his Christmas present so that it wouldn’t get rejected out of hand. I think Capra gets us to reject that story of individualism in two ways: first, the contrast between the two versions of the town: Bedford Falls and Pottersville.

It’s almost like Bedford Falls is a character in the movie, made up of all the people who live there and the physical surroundings: buildings, neighborhoods, trees. In the alternate history Clarence creates for George—the history of the world if he had not been born—it’s like the town died and was raised as a ghoulish version of itself, a sense emphasized by the disappearance of the working-class suburb George financed and its replacement with a gloomy, windswept cemetery.

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGk7ghIlZEs]

A friend of mine once said that Pottersville, the nightmare town that exists in the alternate future, was America without the dream of home ownership. It’s a little startling to see how prescient Capra was, how quickly he figured out where the carotid artery of American middle-class democracy was. The survival of home ownership for the working class in the movie requires the Bailey Building and Loan, a small bank run by a local family. Small, local banking had to continue to exist “so that people have a place to go where they don’t have to crawl to Potter.” Without small, local banking, comes the deluge: a concentration of economic power that fractures every social tie under its relentless pressure. (Thankfully, we haven’t gotten quite that far yet in real life; people are still capable of being kind.)

That concentration of power is represented by Mr. Potter, who, in the grand tradition of villains everywhere, gives Capra the second thing he needs to create a credible story: something to fight against.

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Fascinatingly, in the horrible alternate future, you never see Mr. Potter on the screen. In Bedford Falls, Mr. Potter is a powerful, rich, influential man whom nobody likes (wonderfully played by Lionel Barrymore; with a lesser actor in that role, Capra’s movie might not work so well). In the world where Potter is victorious—an alternate history where the power of finance is monopolized-- Mr. Potter is not a person at all. You never see him in the flesh; you only see his name, everywhere. He is a force that permeates the entire town. It is as if he has consumed the town, and become it.

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In the moment of his highest individual achievement, he actually loses his status as an individual human being and is seen only as an expression of the power of wealth. In Bedford Falls, your individual identity comes from the community you build, and you become fully human on that account (this may be why Hoover's FBI saw the movie as communist, which is stupid since the hero is actually a banker). In Pottersville, your identity comes from the exercise of your wealth, and you lose your humanity on that account.

Is it possible that It's a Wonderful Life became a hit in the 1970s, thirty years after its release, because that's when this happened?

http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/10/09/for-most-workers-real-wa...

The movie became popular precisely when workers' wages began to stagnate in America.

Sometimes I think we the people are not as stupid as we think.

Thoughts on the movie? On other Christmas movies? Please chime in!

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Cant Stop the Macedonian Signal's picture

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"More for Gore or the son of a drug lord--None of the above, fuck it, cut the cord."
--Zack de la Rocha

"I tell you I'll have nothing to do with the place...The roof of that hall is made of bones."
-- Fiver

Phoebe Loosinhouse's picture

that I have ever read. Thank you!

I sort of recall reading somewhere that because the movie had been a flop when released and largely forgotten, that the rights to broadcast it were incredibly cheap in the seventies and that a number of local channels glommed onto the fact that it was cost effective Christmas filler for their schedules.

I remember seeing for the first time in the seventies and thinking, "Where has this movie been" because I had never heard of it before. I thought that it echoed A Christmas Carol in the theme of two alternate visions of the future, predicated on the actions of one individual to do good or evil or even unintentional evil through inaction. It also has "a butterfly flutters" implications that even actions by one person in one location can reverberate throughout a community and flow outward and beyond.

The housing implications of the movie are huge, as well as the commentary about the effectiveness of community banking which is a message we would do well to pay attention to right here and now today.
The ordinary people are not having their banking and financial needs met by the overly large institutions that dominate this arena today. For some reason, just the other day I tumbled onto a story about how North Dakota has been incredibly successful in creating a system of small, state chartered banks. This could be a path for the future as could the postal banks suggested by Elizabeth Warren.

Anyway, what a great way to start the day. Please keep it up. I am a total film buff, have taken film classes, have a film buff husband and watch way more movies than any human being should and love to read about and discuss them.

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" “Human kindness has never weakened the stamina or softened the fiber of a free people. A nation does not have to be cruel to be tough.” FDR "

gendjinn's picture

when I was a kid growing up in Ireland. It had nowhere near the popularity it had in the states and so it languished on the RTE2 or BBC2 station at an odd hour, and only once but we'd always watch it.

Of course I was a giant Jimmy Stewart fan so that helped immensely, he always seemed to me to have a kind face.

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Cant Stop the Macedonian Signal's picture

I had the feeling there was a lot more to be said--I didn't even touch on the two of the most intense parts of the movie, one being the famous "run on the bank" sequence, and the other being the part where George convinces the board of the Building and Loan not to sell out to Potter.

This is very interesting:

because the movie had been a flop when released and largely forgotten, that the rights to broadcast it were incredibly cheap in the seventies and that a number of local channels glommed onto the fact that it was cost effective Christmas filler for their schedules.

I wonder if this is also what happened to Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, which also regularly came on around Christmas time when I was a kid in the seventies. Amazingly, it was initially a flop. How could this be a flop?

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sz9jc5blzRM]

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51wW5sl0a5k]

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"More for Gore or the son of a drug lord--None of the above, fuck it, cut the cord."
--Zack de la Rocha

"I tell you I'll have nothing to do with the place...The roof of that hall is made of bones."
-- Fiver

Creosote.'s picture

some qotes from a book by an OTP poster:
"[One] of the deepest effects of the Vietman War was economic. ... The result was inflation. [snip] The US was flummoxed. ... Now, as the Bretton Woods agreement collapsed, President Nixon was forced to act -- in August 1971, he announced that the US dollar would no longer be convertible into gold. [snip] The gold standard was now a thing of the past. With the American dollar no longer the de facto international currency, finance capital from other nations became more free to flow all across the world. [snip] Nearly the entire postwar economic expansion, in Europe as well as the US was based on just one thing -- oil." (p. 140) -- from ISBN 978161001011
Then within ten years or so the computer entered the office workplace.

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Lookout's picture

made several of my favorite films
Mr Smith goes to Washington and State of the Union
It Happened One Night and You Can't Take It With You - which both won best picture

And do you remember these films from your youth?

Capra produced four science-related television specials in color for The Bell Laboratory Science Series: Our Mr. Sun (1956), Hemo the Magnificent (1957), The Strange Case of the Cosmic Rays (1957), and Meteora: The Unchained Goddess (1958). These educational science documentaries were popular favorites for school science classrooms -

Here's a 2 min scene from the "Meteora..." in 1958
[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-AXBbuDxRY]

Y'all have a good day!

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

PriceRip's picture

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Cant Stop the Macedonian Signal's picture

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"More for Gore or the son of a drug lord--None of the above, fuck it, cut the cord."
--Zack de la Rocha

"I tell you I'll have nothing to do with the place...The roof of that hall is made of bones."
-- Fiver

Lookout's picture

an old fart to remember old stuff like that! Enjoy what youth you have.

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“Until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

riverlover's picture

just had a celebration of the film, hundreds gathered to walk across the bridge. I saw news footage of that recently: warning! adblockers interfere, at least for me

http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/its-a-wonderful-life-in-seneca-falls/

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Hey! my dear friends or soon-to-be's, JtC could use the donations to keep this site functioning for those of us who can still see the life preserver or flotsam in the water.

Cant Stop the Macedonian Signal's picture

I didn't realize Bedford Falls was Seneca Falls.

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"More for Gore or the son of a drug lord--None of the above, fuck it, cut the cord."
--Zack de la Rocha

"I tell you I'll have nothing to do with the place...The roof of that hall is made of bones."
-- Fiver

Rikon Snow's picture

I've been binge-watching "Shameless (US)" on Netflix. I just can't stop.

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But that's all we do: strike attitudes and imitate poses. We merely play at being Romans, and deceive ourselves, sometimes, into accepting the imitation for the reality. -- Robert Silverberg, Roma Eterna

Cant Stop the Macedonian Signal's picture

but evidently the dorkasauruses at Disney didn't renew it for a 3rd season. Sad
Oh well, there's still Luke Cage and some more episodes of Arrow....

I'd watch Walking Dead but I've been told it's way too gory for me. (And I like zombie movies--but the levels of violence keep going up and up as people desensitize.)

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"More for Gore or the son of a drug lord--None of the above, fuck it, cut the cord."
--Zack de la Rocha

"I tell you I'll have nothing to do with the place...The roof of that hall is made of bones."
-- Fiver

Jazzenterprises's picture

for a future diary? Great read today, thank-you!

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Progressive to the bone.

and i love that movie too!

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Cant Stop the Macedonian Signal's picture

Smile

Someday I will write about Being There in this series, but I want to be at my best when I do it. It's a complex and wonderful movie, and I'm still not 100% sure what the message is, Mr. Gardiner. Smile

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"More for Gore or the son of a drug lord--None of the above, fuck it, cut the cord."
--Zack de la Rocha

"I tell you I'll have nothing to do with the place...The roof of that hall is made of bones."
-- Fiver

Creosote.'s picture

Have never been able to get to see that film. The umbrella bit is absolutely perfect. Dogon would be enchanted.

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Cant Stop the Macedonian Signal's picture

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"More for Gore or the son of a drug lord--None of the above, fuck it, cut the cord."
--Zack de la Rocha

"I tell you I'll have nothing to do with the place...The roof of that hall is made of bones."
-- Fiver

detroitmechworks's picture

But a Christmas GAME comes to mind. Bear with me.

Saint's Row IV parodied the entire concept of Christmas specials by making a Christmas Special... in an over the top violent video game where the "Hero" is a sociopathic gang leader who has been elected president by killing terrorists.

Yes, there is a little modern comedy in there too. So, honestly as it is, I think it's the best possible Christmas special for 2016

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkWMV5Hw81o]

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I do not pretend I know what I do not know.

Cant Stop the Macedonian Signal's picture

reminds me of the Dr. Who episode when a bunch of homicidal Santa robots terrorized London:

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0E54RWWVBE]

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"More for Gore or the son of a drug lord--None of the above, fuck it, cut the cord."
--Zack de la Rocha

"I tell you I'll have nothing to do with the place...The roof of that hall is made of bones."
-- Fiver

Cant Stop the Macedonian Signal's picture

up
0 users have voted.

"More for Gore or the son of a drug lord--None of the above, fuck it, cut the cord."
--Zack de la Rocha

"I tell you I'll have nothing to do with the place...The roof of that hall is made of bones."
-- Fiver

detroitmechworks's picture

And very counter cultural. Essentially used the format of "Grand Theft Auto" to subtly criticize games in general.

Of course, Yahtzee summed it up, both good and bad, better than I ever could.

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbbdk68-Mfc]

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I do not pretend I know what I do not know.

Mark from Queens's picture

Thanks for dedicating your essay to the story behind the Capra classic's traction in the collective conscience of the nation. It is a conversation worthy of bringing to our friends and family this holiday season. It's a reminder of an opportunity to redirect our familiarity and how much we take for granted, not only its deserved prominence in pop culture (great story!) but how much these themes of empathy, compassion, solidarity, anti-capitalism/consumerism, justice, and egalitarianism are ever present in these beloved films, yet not so much in our everyday lives.

Chris Hedges's "Death of the Liberal Class" has a chapter called "Dismantling the Liberal Class," in which he describes the importance of collectives of artists, poets, playwrights, musicians and authors throughout the decades of the 20th century and those who were important in creating art that was so vital to injecting subversive radical themes into the public's conscience, the lifeblood of fighting back against an anesthetized status quo.

I'm not much of a movie guy per se (many of what are deemed "classics" I've never bothered seeing) but I do have some favorites. I've only ever seen parts of this one (though I know pretty much the whole story it seems) and the other similar one, Mr Smith Goes to Washington, which this year I've told myself I must see in it's entirety. Part of it may be that we always seem to get these films, as one your same generation, on network television, which always turns me off with the constant interruptions of commercials. I've always had a strong negative reaction to being bombarded by ads, and have made a concerted effort to avoid them in all shape and manner, including even averting my eyes when, for instance (in Queens anyway) when they appear on overhead train trestle on a few of our highways) and demanding attention from your vision frame. I also prefer to read or listen to music. Films, I've always told myself, are just too easy and more like eye candy for the masses, than the more explorative and fulfilling interaction with one's inner world of music and literature. That said, I'm coming more around to film.

Christmas means something totally different to me than it did as a kid. In my early 20's I began to really resent that I was obligated as if it were some kind of accepted duty to cram all this shopping in at the last minute. I said never again, and my family followed suit. Without getting further into the subject of crass consumerism being at total odds with those RW hypocrites who claim to be Christians, I'll just state that these days I simply appreciate the quietness of the season and sort of smirk inwardly at the subconscious detente everyone seems to fall, an easing of the usual capitalistic stance of not showing one's hand in business or job-related posture to one of what Christopher Hitchens calls "mandatory gaiety." Thanksgiving too. Used to be my favorite holiday gathering. Now it's been commandeered by the psychotic corporate forces as a predatory Pavlovian signal to get consumer-addled Americans to rush out to the stores to fill shopping carts of cheap disposable goods made by child slaves in SE Asia. Nothing makes me sicker that how much it has become accepted that the American holiday season is now this corporate wet dream of a crass consumer dystopia.

As for holiday films I like the Dickens stuff, especially Oliver! and A Christmas Carol. Heard on Democracy Now a nice background story on the socialist who wrote the lyrics for the Wizard of Oz, named Yip Harburg. It's the kind of educational piece you'd never get in the mainstream media, pointing out the people behind the cultural pieces we love to show that there's more to many of them.

And, if you guys aren't familiar with him, Rev. Billy is a NYC staple, beautiful soul and has kept many of us smiling and in good spirits at all sorts of civil disobedience protests from Occupy to housing rights to Climate Change rallies. "What Would Jesus Buy," a theatrical film made with his "Stop Shopping Choir," is a pretty goo overview about what their troupe is about.

(edited for typos, due to baby responsibilities forcing haste)

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"If I should ever die, God forbid, let this be my epitaph:

THE ONLY PROOF HE NEEDED
FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD
WAS MUSIC"

- Kurt Vonnegut

Cant Stop the Macedonian Signal's picture

Chris Hedges's "Death of the Liberal Class" has a chapter called "Dismantling the Liberal Class," in which he describes the important of collectives of artists, poets, playwrights, musicians and authors through the decades of the 20th century who were important in creating art that was so vital to injecting subversive radical themes into the public's conscience, the lifeblood of fighting back against an anesthetized status quo.

This is very important. This sort of dismantling has been going on everywhere, at all levels, for about 25-35 years. You can't say the oligarchs aren't thorough...there used to be an institution in DC called the Democratic Study Group. Here's a good article on it:http://prospect.org/article/when-liberals-were-organized Newt Gingrich took over in 1994, and axed its funding. The Democrats never recovered. Of course, I think many of the Democrats, the Clintons in particular, were probably pleased with the group's demise.

As far as art itself, there is a great deal to be said about what's been done even in the last ten years to television and movies. The shift has been drastic and shocking, to my eyes, but we're readjusting so quickly to multiple changes these days, normalizing things that used to be fringe or weird or unacceptable so quickly, and then erasing the fact of the change--acting like Things Have Always Been This Way, that it's kind of like seeing your Aunt Nelly turn into a tentacle monster--but everybody at the dinner table keeps eating calmly and chatting like nothing's happened.

Since around 2010, things have been very bad indeed. My boyfriend and I call this manipulation of the arts "the warding off," which is our repurposing of a clip from Fawlty Towers:

Sybil: "Basil doesn't bet anymore, do you dear?"
Basil: "No dear, I don't; no, that particular avenue of pleasure has been closed off."
Sybil: "And we don't want it opened up again, do we Basil?"
Basil: "No, you don't, dear." (musing to himself) "The great warding-off of May the 8th."

"Warding off" basically means our fun is spoiled, and probably also the fun of at least some of the artists, craftsmen and authors involved in visual storytelling is spoiled too, because certain messages MUST be pushed, and certain others MUST NOT be pushed...and if a story strays into dangerous territory, it's almost always yanked back into line. "Under the Dome" is a blatant example of this. Up In the Air with George Clooney is even worse.

Films or tv shows are "warded" if they push certain messages, and especially if they depart from their own storyline because the story is conveying messages the establishment would not like.

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"More for Gore or the son of a drug lord--None of the above, fuck it, cut the cord."
--Zack de la Rocha

"I tell you I'll have nothing to do with the place...The roof of that hall is made of bones."
-- Fiver

detroitmechworks's picture

Is that the SMART artists either have their show cancelled or Deliberately cut them short to avoid Corporate interference with the message.

Evidence for this:

Firefly
Gravity Falls
Newsroom
Phineas and Ferb
Futurama

Yes, a lot of SF, political commentary and cartoons on that list. Reason being is they're the ones that really can PUSH a narrative hard without preaching about it. Studios and Corporate slime have gotten smarter about spotting it though.

This is the reason we will never see a Shadowrun series. Even though it would be incredible. Far too anti-corporation, and relies on the legal dodges they use nowadays.

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I do not pretend I know what I do not know.

Mark from Queens's picture

"Back To Our Future. For a couple of reasons:

It would help flesh out some more of the theory I have of the 80's being a most vapid, but more importantly, pernicious cultural decade (getting back to our friendly, fun discussion about music from that era). That said, I think you'd really enjoy his discursive into the pop culture of the day, which he takes from the position of being fond of as a kid but becoming aware of how RW subversive so much of it was. He really covers the decade in depth. Was almost too much for me to that end, having purposely avoided many of the lame cultural touchstones that I had already lived through. But his points were excellent and well-researched.

The other reason is for what you just pointed out. It covers some of the Reagan/Bush cabal's RW conservative wet dream of impacting by controlling the cultural forces of the day. One of the results was this pro-military zeal that began seeping in, counteracting the protest era of the 60's and 70's, which resulted in revving up the Cold War again. Another was the business-friendly slant toward the dream of upward mobility and a heavy marketing of consumerism as part of it.

An excerpt from the inside binder:

"Today's mindless and hyper narcissism, Sirota argues, first became the norm when an 80's generation weaned on Rambo one-liners and "Just Do It" exhortation embraced a new religion - with comic books, cartoons, videogames, and other even children's toys serving as the key instruments of cultural indoctrination."

Fawlty Towers I've seen a bit of and liked. Thanks for the story link on the demise of DC study groups, will check that out.

One of the coolest things we did locally after-Occupy was to start a weekly film series, hosted by the local Occupy chapter started by a couple of people and myself. Every Wed throughout the summer in a local church basement we'd set up the computer, projector and speakers, along with some finger food we made or bought. We'd post flyers around town and hope for the best. Usually we'd have at least 20-30 people, sometimes up to 40-50.

If I had to guess the titles, which were selected by a working group I was part of, they were: "Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin", "Sir! No Sir!", about vets protesting the Vietnam War, "The Vanishing City," a film made by a pair of NYC activist/directors about the Real Estate takeover under Bloomberg, "The New Jim Crow" lecture by Michelle Alexander, and "Heist: Who Stole The American Dream?"

I think everyone walked away from these events uplifted and fulfilled, having had the chance to watch something challenging and to discuss it afterward. These are the kinds of things, in my opinion, that need to be cultivated and developed in every community across the country.

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"If I should ever die, God forbid, let this be my epitaph:

THE ONLY PROOF HE NEEDED
FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD
WAS MUSIC"

- Kurt Vonnegut

enhydra lutris's picture

point in time, I absorbe Capra's point in my youth, but really never thought about it.

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That, in its essence, is fascism--ownership of government by an individual, by a group, or by any other controlling private power. -- Franklin D. Roosevelt --

shaharazade's picture

one of great masters of movie making. I've seen just about every movie he made and wish there were more. I just looked up his filmography and found a whole list of movies he made in the late twenties and early 30's I have not seen. I think he's kind of like Norman Rockwell only not as much of a right wing dick. As an artist I admire Rockwell's skill as an illustrator and he was like Capra a master of capturing the good side the American dream and the common man's plight.

Frank Capra's 'It's a Wonderful Life' is as complex as the man himself, most great artist's are a strange brew and have strong points of view. Even though he was a believer in individualism and has a religious/spiritual bent his work is extremely humanistic. It's strikes home these day's. I was surprised to read he did not like FDR's New Deal. Here's a statement he made about Hollywood in the 60's? We need more humanistic artist's regardless of their political ideology. I was one of the pot smoking DFH he refers to here but I wasn't a parent hating parasite (well maybe I was a little). I too look upon all life forms and even the universe itself as living atoms of divinity.

Forgotten among the hue-and criers were the hard-working stiffs that came home too tired to shout or demonstrate in streets ... and prayed they'd have enough left over to keep their kids in college, despite their knowing that some were pot-smoking, parasitic parent-haters.

Who would make films about, and for, these uncomplaining, unsqueaky wheels that greased the squeaky? Not me. My "one man, one film" Hollywood had ceased to exist. Actors had sliced it up into capital gains. And yet – mankind needed dramatizations of the truth that man is essentially good, a living atom of divinity; that compassion for others, friend or foe, is the noblest of all virtues. Films must be made to say these things, to counteract the violence and the meanness, to buy time to demobilize the hatreds

I've been on a book reading, movie binge for the last month due to having a allergic rash from my feet to my neck. As the dermatologist said this isn't going to go away over night. Wearing pants and going out into the severe wintry weather set back the healing process so I read and watched movies. It's hard to find funny or decent movies about ordinary stiffs these days. Out of all the movies I watched on my binge, I liked the screwball comedies of the 30's and 40's and even some in the 50's the best.

One of my favorite directors from this era is Preston Sturgeons. Sullivan's Travelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullivan%27s_Travels might be my favorite of his movies. I don't want to be a spoiler in case anyone decides to watch this movie. It has a theme similar to Stardust Memories. I bet Woody Allen liked Preston sturgeons movies.

Sullivan's Travels is a 1941 American comedy film written and directed by Preston Sturges. It is a satire about a movie director, played by Joel McCrea, who longs to make a socially relevant drama, but eventually learns that comedies are his more valuable contribution to society. The film features one of Veronica Lake's first leading roles. The title is a reference to Gulliver's Travels, the famous novel by satirist Jonathan Swift about another journey of self-discovery.

I'm off to my MultnomahCounty website to see if they have and put on hold any of the early Frank Capra films I have not seen. Ladies of Leisure with Barbara Stanwyck sounds like it would be fun.

Have a good day everyone. I am almost totally healed but as their is a storm with ice snow and wind brewing here I'm staying inside. thanks again CSTS for the OT it's fun and it has a message.

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Creosote.'s picture

Without having an idea of his work, I was a Preston Sturges fan from the moment I saw the opening of Sullivan's Travels -- a fistfight between angry men standing on the roof of a boxcar as the train crosses a bridge high over a stream. One bests the other who tumbles off, I think -- but it cuts quickly to a group in an obvously Hollywood office watching the rushes -- "Capital and labor!" says the director.
To my left as I write is Preston Sturges by Preston Sturges, His Life and Words, adapted and edited by Sandy Sturges (his daughter). Too many deadlines to meet to read it yet.

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melvin's picture

Tangerine

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This is a great topic. I would add that along with the economic topics already covered I think that part of the appeal also has to come from the individual psychological implications of the "butterfly effect" aspect, which is that the film celebrates a purer kind of individualism by maintaining that every life matters because the absence of the man that George Bailey became by sacrificing a lot of his personal goals left a pretty big hole in the world. The idea is, of course, that George didn't have to become a great civil architect to have a true impact.

I think a lot of people can identify with making choices out of duty and love that involve sacrifice of the self's personal ambitions and dreams. Most people do this to some degree or other, but some are embittered or broken by it. In George's case, Capra shows us a community that recognizes, even if belatedly, his value and sacrifice and publicly acknowledges and celebrates it.

I would also argue that there are other points in the movie that at least somewhat under-cut the label of overly-saccharine or corny or what-have-you. In the scene where the members of the Building and Loan come to George in a panic on his wedding day when the run on the bank happens, most of the people are convinced by George to only take out enough money (George’s own personal money previously intended for his honeymoon at that) to get by until the bank re-opens, but there is one man who insists on taking the full amount of the money in his account. George tells him that his account isn't closed as the man says but that the money is to be considered a loan. This man represents a selfishness that the others are able to overcome, but he's there to point out that the "poors" aren't to be considered flawless saints.

As you astutely pointed out, the life trajectory of Violet Bick is another example. In Bedford Falls she feels she has to flee the town in shame, but in the end she decides to stay and try to rebuild her life. In Potterville she is swept up in the raid of a bar / dance hall with implications of arrest for prostitution or stealing from customers. Her actual crime isn't stated, but even in Bedford Falls her life going forward won't be easy, and some will still look down on her.

George himself has a temper and resents the sacrifices he has had to make even while loving his wife and family very much. He is just doing the best he can and yet comes very close to giving up and committing suicide. Clarence the angel shows him that he can instead try to live with his problems and pain with the understanding that he has the most valuable things, friends and love, in abundance.

As for myself, I have gotten into trouble more than once by verbally rejecting one of the great platitudes that people use when they are trying to comfort someone in a time of loss or suffering or both. I actually loathe the sentiment, which is that "God" doesn't give us more than we can handle. I can't remember what film I saw it in, but the answer that "So, you're saying that if I'd just been a little weaker, God wouldn't have taken my loved one from me in death", or words to that effect, rang very true to me. I also always feel compelled to point out that the sentiment can't be true because sorrow and despair do break people, and some of them do commit suicide. So clearly, they were given more than they could bear. (I try to be careful not to express these views where they will do harm and no good, but I haven't always succeeded.)

So, to get back to the movie, I see Capra saying that most people have disappointments and sacrifices in life, and even the best of us don't always bear them with a saintly disposition, but shared humanity and standing up for what's right for the many is a valuable achievement that gives life meaning even when despair threatens and makes us want to give up. Sharing the sacrifices and the love and goodwill of family and community can compensate us for some of our sorrows, and the smallest kindness we bestow on others can have a value well beyond our knowledge and understanding. As George tells Mr. Potter when he sees through Potter's manipulation of trying to buy him off by fulfilling his thwarted dreams: people aren't cattle or commodities to be bartered and sold at the whim of the Potters of the world. The message is that the individual life does matter, that human dignity matters. Few people may get the public acknowledgement that George Bailey did at the end of the movie, but as an "Everyman" figure, the audience can see themselves in him and take hope.

I can look past the historical-era-consistent sexism (focus on marriage and children as vital to women's fulfillment) and note the slur the wealthy Potter uses against Italian-Americans, i.e. "garlic-eaters", such as Mr. Martini (owner of the bar / restaurant in Bedford Falls that George visits more than once) and his family that are shown as an example of the independence and increased financial security that comes from buying one of the Building and Loan-financed homes as they exit the slumlord Potter's rental dwelling, as a stand-in for every immigrant group that has come here to the U.S. and been scapegoated, denigrated, and dehumanized by xenophobia and prejudice, is countered by George Bailey and his wife and family and others in the town standing against this WASPish bigotry (possibly also anti-Catholic sentiment as well).

I end up in the same place every time I watch the movie: my heart is warmed by the idea that we are all flawed and often suffer indignities, but we can retain our personal dignity individually by choosing to treat others with kindness and respect, and if we have friends we can count ourselves very wealthy indeed.

Thanks again for the very interesting topic!

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yellopig's picture

At the end, in the "happy-happy" scene where everyone is congratulating themselves and each other on how wonderful everything turned out, George looks at each of his friends & neighbors, and the camera focuses on each in turn, and you can almost see the darkness in each soul that is so close to the surface, so close to having happened (except for George's influence).

It's as if Capra is saying that these people were lucky enough to have a George Bailey in their lives, but there are other people who didn't, who don't, and who suffer from that loss, because that other alternative person is so close to the surface (there but for the grace of George Bailey). And that we should consider that possibility when we come across people who seem like the denizens of Potterville—and maybe modify our response, and show them a little grace of our own.

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“We may not be able to change the system, but we can make the system irrelevant in our lives and in the lives of those around us.”—John Beckett

I don't know if you were meaning to reply to me or to the original post, which is how the format of your comment came out (as a reply to the original post), but you raise an interesting point. I haven't ever seen the shots of the individuals in the crowd the way that you describe them as showing that those people have evil just below the surface, but that doesn't invalidate the rest of what you said about them having needed a George Bailey in their lives to show them what being a friend means by his example of being a noble friend to them. Also, the change back from their Potterville versions to their Bedford Falls selves happens very near the end of the film, so the impact of the Potterville characterizations remain fresh in our minds.

In the same scene I mentioned in the Building and Loan just after the run on the bank, the group of clients in their Bedford Falls versions are indeed bordering on becoming a mob. Before George starts his speech to explain what's going on and to try to calm them, a vehicle with a loud siren passes the building, and all of the people rush to the window as if in hive-mind with the implication that they are instinctively drawn to seeing whatever horror is occurring outside, drawn to darkness as you describe it. I agree.

I think Capra shows what impending further privation and even destitution does to people, a theme thoroughly explored in the whole Potterville sequence. With so much financial insecurity and the glorification of money and income that reduces every man and woman into desperately grasping for any available crumb, all sense of community and fellow feeling have evaporated.

Further, I do think George stands as both an Everyman but also as a symbol of the Building and Loan, of a kind of financial system that works for low income people as opposed to the heartless greed of Potter and the icy inhumanity of crony capitalism that he represents. Capra has Potter tell its Board when they meet after Peter Bailey's death that to the community "Peter Bailey was the Building and Loan," so by (unwillingly) taking his father's position, the film is pretty explicitly saying that George becomes the embodiment of that institution himself.

So, in this regard, Capra does seem to be showing us that humane institutions run by humane financiers can play a significant role in building that sense of community that prevents the Potters of the world from winning out. I do really like your point about taking people's fears and insecurities into account when speaking to them if there is any hope of reaching that common humanity that could help us stand against the array of Potters we face today. It seems there will always be Potters in the world, and only together can we thwart those scurvy spiders and hopefully encase them in their own webs. I don't think we'll ever beat them, but I hope we can at least push them back a bit. Right now, their webs of corruption and selfish greed extend as far as the eye can see, and that's not a happy thought for the holiday season.

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yellopig's picture

Actually I was responding to the OP, and about a different scene: the scene at the house, where George is surrounded by his family & friends. So not faces in the crowd, but people whose alternative lives we had witnessed.

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“We may not be able to change the system, but we can make the system irrelevant in our lives and in the lives of those around us.”—John Beckett

Okay, thanks for letting me know.

What I'm calling the "faces in the crowd" are in the scene at the very end where the house is full and thus "crowded" with people singing Auld Lang Syne, which I think is the scene you're referring to. I was saying that I didn't see the shots of the friends and family in that crowd's faces the same way that you do, but I do think that the scene I referenced supports your point that people need good examples and guidance to do the right thing, especially in a group and especially when their livelihood is threatened as that scene showed. One of the scariest topics I ever studied in school was in a sociology class that talked about crowd (or "mob") psychology. People do things in groups that they wouldn't do on their own (sometimes good things, but also bad things), but I also agree with you that Capra didn't shy away from showing that people have a dark side that circumstances can accentuate or catalyze, and that's as individuals rather than just in groups. I thought the actors did a fine job of showing the different sides to their characters between regular Bedford Falls and Pottersville. ( I just realized I've been leaving out the "s" in "Pottersville". Sorry about that!)

Thanks for making the conversation more interesting and thoughtful even though you weren't talking to me specifically.

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