duopoly; John Adams; constitution; proportional representation

John Adams and the Two-Party System

In 1780, seven years before our present Constitution was drafted, John Adams wrote the following in a letter:

There is nothing which I dread so much as a division of the republic into two great parties, each arranged under its leader, and concerting measures in opposition to each other. This, in my humble apprehension, is to be dreaded as the greatest political evil under our Constitution.