The American Foreign Legion

The French Foreign Legion has a special place in history, known both for its bravery and for its failures, but mostly for its association with the ills of imperialism and colonialism. That's why comments like this stand out.

“…on a hot autumn day on a remote parade field at Ft. Benning, GA, Garrison told the 700 members of the 3rd Ranger Battalion that we were as close to America’s Foreign Legion as you could get. He went on to say that our job was to fight the dirty little wars that nobody else wanted, was capable of, or could stomach."

The French Foreign Legion has long been known for being committed to France's dirty little wars overseas, wars that France would prefer not to sacrifice French lives for. This condition, of not having to risk lives of value, changes how politicians feel about wars.

“More than any other of the advanced industrial states, France has been willing to engage in peace enforcement operations. Perhaps this is because, relying largely on its Foreign Legion, French political leaders have not had to be as sensitive as others to the risk of casualties.”
- Carl Kaysen & George W. Rathjens (2010)

The French Foreign Legion was created in 1831. It was originally intended for foriegn nationals and only to serve overseas, but nearly a quarter of its recruits are French citizens today. A soldier wounded in battle can become a French citizen by "Français par le sang versé" ("French by spilled blood"). The Legion was originally used as a dumping ground for disruptive elements of society, such as revolutionaries and prisoners.
The Legion was primarily used to expand the colonial empire, which is managed to do in Algeria, Indo-China, and the Sub-Sahara. It's most famous battle was the Battle of Camaron, where just 65 men held off an army of up to 3,000 for nearly 10 hours. When the last five remaining Legionnaires had ran out of ammo, they made a final bayonet charge against a Mexican army of over 2,000.

Today the French Foreign Legion is used as a rapid deployment force to preserve French interests overseas.

"Any time there's a conflict anywhere in the world that involves France, the French government sends the Legion, and if we get wiped out and destroyed, the people in France don't give a damn because its a bunch of foreignors. We know we're going to get sent where no one else wants to gets sent and that's what makes us unique and that's what makes us deadly."
-Nick Hughes, former Legionaire

The United States has never had an American foreign legion, but it has played with the idea, as the 1st American Volunteer Group (AVG) of the Chinese Air Force in 1941-1942, famously nicknamed the Flying Tigers. President Eisenhower, in particular, endorsed the idea of a “Volunteers Freedom Corps.”
America's Special Forces is gradually becoming the successor to the French Foreign Legion.

These days, the sun never sets on America’s special-operations forces. Over the past year, they have landed in 81 countries, most of them training local commandos to fight so American troops don’t have to. From Honduras to Mongolia, Estonia to Djibouti, U.S. special operators teach local soldiers diplomatic skills to shield their countries against extremist ideologies, as well as combat skills to fight militants who break through.
The budget for Special Operations Command in Tampa, Fla., which dispatches elite troops around the world, jumped to $10 billion in the fiscal year that ended on Sept. 30, from $2.2 billion in 2001. Congress has doubled the command to nearly 70,000 people this year, from 33,000 in fiscal 2001. The Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force provide further funding.

SpecOps.jpg

Like the French Foreign Legion, our Special Forces are a rapid deployment force to preserve commercial and political interests overseas, with little to do with national defense.
Most Americans are completely unaware of how far-flung our Special Forces are, and how they have their hands in just about every single conflict in the world.
I'm sure that French citizens at the time of their Empire were also similarly ignorant.

Of course there are significant and fundamental differences between the all-American Special Forces and the mostly foreign, French Foreign Legion, but there are also similarities that need to be acknowledged.
For instance, we must look at how our forces are used.

The second contention is that this direction-of-change is giving rise to a new principle (of a sort)—neither Gaullist “the defense of France must be French” nor collective defense—of simply outsourcing Europe’s defense to the United States. Among its several effects, it construes American armed forces as a foreign legion of sorts, in the sense that when NATO makes war (or tries to deter it, as in Ukraine), it is largely not a NATO campaign waged collectively. Instead, it is a NATO campaign waged largely by American armed forces.

A good example of this is Bush's Coalition of the Willing, where the international community was bribed into being used as political cover for an American war.
Obama's current anti-ISIS coalition, which largely doesn't even exist, is also similar.

Another factor to consider the composition of our far-flung forces.
For instance, in South Korea we have created a binational division.
However, the more alarming trend is the privatization of our military forces.

For instance, there are security companies like Triple Canopy and Defion Internacional. They have been given missions in Iraq by the US Department of State.
Maybe you are thinking, "Sure they are mercenaries, but they are still Americans, right?" Wrong.

Triple Canopy, like Defion Internacional, is known to employ discount South American soldiers.

In 2012, Triple Canopy still had an army of about 1,800 troops in Iraq — mostly from Uganda and Peru - on a State Department contract.

Welcome to globalization. Capitalism is being used as a backdoor for America to create its own Foreign Legion.
Triple Canopy and Defion Int. are two of eight private mercenary companies that the Pentagon has contracted with. However, if you wanted to learn more about this relationship, well, tough luck.

The firms themselves can be more opaque than the US military or intelligence agencies, because they are not subject to the Freedom of Information Act or similar legislative tools that impose transparency. Even members of Congress do not have direct access to the contracts by which these firms are employed, even though Congress is writing the checks....
Government inquiry into the industry is limited and, at times, convoluted. Currently, there is little, if any, meaningful regulation of or reporting requirements from this industry, which is remarkable given that the firms are authorized to use lethal force abroad under the US flag.

The trend toward using increasingly small, elite forces in remote parts of the world, without oversight is undemocratic and imperialistic. The trend toward using private mercenaries from foreign nations in place of American soldiers is beyond stupid and outright dangerous.
Nothing good will come from this. These trends have always led to disaster historically.

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Any ideas how I should wrap this up before I post it to the GOS?

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MarilynW's picture

for compiling all those figures.

I couldn't imagine trying to improve it. Except for the visuals, a photo at the tops and maybe a graphic tree showing all the organizations that could be classified as US Foreign Legion.

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To thine own self be true.

joe shikspack's picture

that rumsfeld in particular bought into and accelerated. these trends overall have an anti-democratic effect and tend to concentrate power in the hands of the executive.

special forces deployments are generally cloaked in secrecy, which hinders effective oversight. the use of small forces and contractors tends to limit the spread of information about any individual action to the public.

the fact that these units are deployed and engaged all over the world means that the us is making war in (if i recall correctly) about 70-80 countries every year. that's a lot of wars. so many that neither the public, nor the public's representatives can really keep track of it all.

sounds like one of madison's nightmares has come to pass.

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hecate's picture

something like that would make for a good finish, if g is still looking for one.

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gulfgal98's picture

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Do I hear the sound of guillotines being constructed?

“Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable." ~ President John F. Kennedy

gulfgal98's picture

in talking to people at our Peace vigils and of course, it is only anecdotal but still worthy of consideration.

1) Generally people are opposed to wars when our own troops are endangered. They do not like seeing our troops killed and wounded.

2) Most people seem to have little or no problems with us bombing or droning the so called bad guys.

3) While we have not really talked about the use of contractors (mercenaries), I have to assume that the response would be similar to that of our bombing and droning.

I personally see the idea of these wars and how they are being fought as a reflection of real degradation in our society's values which seem to place only a value upon me and mine.

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Do I hear the sound of guillotines being constructed?

“Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable." ~ President John F. Kennedy

Big Al's picture

"the next part of this diary will focus on the Al Qaeda/ISIS/Al-Nusra/Muslim Brotherhood arm of the
American Foreign Legion."
Good information here btw.

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shaharazade's picture

on GOS. All they care about is perpetuating and supporting the useless by-partisan endless war cultural and geopolitical both in the world and here in der Homeland. Sorry I'm not much use as I see this as madness on a level that's hard to comprehend. I found this enlightening as to what the US neocons are up to but I doubt you will make a dent in the frenzy of Bernie didn't feel the emotional pain of #black lives matter properly. Seems to me that no one who is so invested in the false electoral madness of endless warrior candidates is going to listen to what is really going down globally with our mad imperialism. Hell they don't even want to hook rampant global economic disparity by austerity to their delusional politics. Feel my pain whitey but never step outside of my personal issues. Pretty pig ignorant, ass backwards and delusional. Dontcha know gjohnsit that these barbarian extremist's need to be eradicated.

Perhaps I'm wrong some of the far leftie dkos participants may read this and weep as well they should. My sujection if you want eyes on dkos is sex it up, not literally as in Smiley7's story about sex in Chinese fitting rooms, but make it less dry and more 'emotional' as that seems to be what the punters on dkos want. Come on Hillary and Bernie feel our pain and express your insincere empathy. Do not dare to connect our pain to policy or the by-partisan US agenda of the global domination for profit by US military imperialism or the fascistic neoliberal bankster's austerity for ordinary people. We have decided this is the inevitable and righteous way forward for America to take it's place as the leader of the 'free' world. So appeal to their nasty ass emotions. Perhaps emphasize the Republican's are even worse. That won't work as they have all joined the same club with variations on war mongering, sword rattling, chest thumping and kill bill kill.

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but I doubt you will make a dent in the frenzy of Bernie didn't feel the emotional pain of #black lives matter properly...Feel my pain whitey but never step outside of my personal issues. Pretty pig ignorant, ass backwards and delusional.

Am I wrong in thinking that this whole BLM/Bernie thing has the feel of something manufactured by people that are out of touch with reality?
I saw a quote where Bernie says that more attention needs to be paid to the outrageous levels of incarceration and unemployment in the AA communities, and the person mentioning this says he was embarrassed for Bernie for saying this. Say What? Excuse me!
Bernie was right one the nose. Bernie has a 100% voting record with the NAACP, and he's the one who's out of touch?!?!
BLM has shamed themselves and aren't self-aware enough to know it.

No, I'm not going to sex it up. I don't want those BLM morons in my diary.

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why do you write for dailykos? There has to be a better audience for your writing, besides us of course.

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"Religion is what keeps the poor from murdering the rich."--Napoleon

MarilynW's picture

I got hounded on DKos by a newbie who was defending Monsanto/GMOs and the triad of Corporations/Universities/Government that is working more for the corporations than the good of the people. It might as well be the comments section of Forbes Magazine. It wasn't that much fun.

If you can praise Obama in your diary, you are guaranteed 300 rec's. sigh!

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To thine own self be true.

shaharazade's picture

Sorry for derailing and distracting in the comments on your post yesterday. I got all tweaked about GOS after spending too much time reading the garbage there. Publish it as it is excellent. The Bushies called the mercenaries in Iraq 'contractors' like they were constructing something or remodeling Iraq's kitchens. We don't hear much about mercenaries these days. Blackwater was too flashy and obvious with their evil. Our armed forces are used as the global goon squad enforcers for the transnational 'interests' and geopolitical games. We really don't hear much about anything the military, other then propoganda, hate and fear of the latest scariest, worst, evil ever. State secrets and security even applies to Trade deals. Undemocratic and imperialistic, is what the US is about both here in der Homeland and globally.

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MarilynW's picture

that started the first assault on Fallujah. Four contractors were taken from their cars, (one of them was British-Canadian whose wife was a tv newscaster here in Victoria) killed and their bodies desecrated. Bush jr. ordered the attack "with no holds barred" or a similar expression like that. It was a revenge attack. The contractors until then seemed to think they could move around safely in Iraq because they were not US Military. It would be interesting to figure out how the use of contractors in the invasion of Iraq effected the outcome of the occupation.

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To thine own self be true.